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  ✅ 1. Present Simple Positive: I write stories. Negative: I do not write stories. Question: Do I write stories? ✅ 2. Present Continuous Positive: I am writing a story. Negative: I am not writing a story. Question: Am I writing a story? ✅ 3. Present Perfect Positive: I have written a story. Negative: I have not written a story. Question: Have I written a story? ✅ 4. Present Perfect Continuous Positive: I have been writing for an hour. Negative: I have not been writing for an hour. Question: Have I been writing for an hour? ✅ 5. Past Simple Positive: I wrote a story. Negative: I did not write a story. Question: Did I write a story? ✅ 6. Past Continuous Positive: I was writing a story. Negative: I was not writing a story. Question: Was I writing a story? ✅ 7. Past Perfect Positive: I had written the story. Negative: I had not written the story. Question: Had I written the story? ✅ 8. Past Perfect Continuous Positive: I had been writing for an hour. Negative: I had not been writing fo...

 Simple Past Tense – Exercise A. Fill in the blanks with the correct past form of the verbs given in brackets. 1. I _______ (go) to school yesterday. 2. She _______ (eat) an apple in the morning. 3. They _______ (play) cricket last Sunday. 4. He _______ (see) a lion in the zoo. 5. We _______ (visit) our grandparents last week. B. Change the following sentences to the simple past tense. 1. I play football every day. 2. She writes a letter. 3. We go to the market. 4. They watch TV in the evening. 5. He drinks milk. C. Make sentences using these words in the past tense. 1. travel 2. cook 3. read 4. dance 5. help

  Present Continuous Tense – Exercise A. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in present continuous tense. Example: She ___ (read) a book. Answer: is reading 1. I ___ (eat) lunch now. 2. He ___ (play) cricket with his friends. 3. They ___ (watch) a movie. 4. We ___ (go) to school. 5. She ___ (sing) a song. 6. You ___ (write) a letter. 7. The baby ___ (sleep) peacefully. 8. The teacher ___ (teach) grammar. 9. It ___ (rain) heavily. 10. My friends ___ (wait) for me. B. Make questions using the present continuous tense. Example: (you / watch / TV) Answer: Are you watching TV? 1. (she / write / a letter) 2. (they / go / to the market) 3. (he / eat / lunch) 4. (you / study / English) 5. (the dog / bark) C. Change the sentences into negative form. Example: He is playing football. Answer: He is not playing football. 1. I am going to the market. 2. She is reading a novel. 3. They are dancing at the party. 4. We are doing homework. 5. He is driving a car.

  Present Continuous Tense  1. Definition : The Present Continuous Tense is used to describe actions that are happening right now or currently in progress. 2. Structure : Affirmative: Subject + is/am/are + verb + ing I am eating lunch. She is reading a book. They are playing cricket. Negative : Subject + is/am/are + not + verb + ing I am not eating lunch. He is not watching TV. We are not going to school. Question : Is/Am/Are + subject + verb + ing? Are you studying? Is she writing a letter? Am I doing it right? 3. Usage : Use the Present Continuous Tense to talk about: Actions happening now:  She is cooking dinner. Actions happening around this time (but not necessarily at the moment): I am learning English. Future plans (with time mentioned): We are going to the cinema tonight. 4. Keywords: These words often come with present continuous tense: now right now at the moment currently today this week

  Simple Present Tense  Exercise A: Choose the Correct Verb Choose the correct verb form in brackets 1. She __________ (read / reads) every day. 2. They __________ (play / plays) football on Sundays. 3. He __________ (watch / watches) cartoons at night. 4. I __________ (go / goes) to school by cycle. 5. It __________ (make / makes) a funny sound. Exercise B: Match the Subjects and Verbs Subjects: 1. He 2. They 3. The cat 4. We 5. She Verbs : a. sleep under the tree b. runs fast c. drinks milk d. writes neatly e. play chess Match them correctly. Exercise C: Correct the Mistakes Find and correct the mistakes in each sentence. 1. She go to temple on Fridays. 2. They eats breakfast at 8 a.m. 3. We plays in the park. 4. He drink water. 5. The dog bark at night.

  Simple Present Tense – Notes & Exercise Notes: The Simple Present Tense is used for: Daily routines Habits General truths Fixed events Structure:   Affirmative (Positive) Sentences: I/You/We/They + base verb (V1) He/She/It + base verb + s/es Examples : I play football. She eats an apple. ❌ Negative Sentences : I/You/We/They + do not (don’t) + V1 He/She/It + does not (doesn’t) + V1 Examples: I don’t like milk. He doesn’t play cricket ❓ Question Sentences : Do + I/you/we/they + V1 + ? Does + he/she/it + V1 + ? Examples : Do you speak English? Does she work here? Exercise A: Fill in the blanks (Affirmative ) 1. I __________ (go) to school every day. 2. He __________ (like) mangoes. 3. They __________ (watch) TV at night. 4. She __________ (drink) tea every morning. 5. We __________ (read) English books. Exercise B: Make Negative Sentences 1. I play football. → _________________________ 2. She sings well. → _________________________ 3. They walk fast. → _____________________...

 I. Self Introduction   1. What is your name? My name is Ramesh. 2. How old are you? I am 10 years old. 3. Where do you live? I live in Madurai. 4. What class are you studying in? I am studying in 5th standard. 5. What is your school name? My school name is Government Middle School. 6. What is your favorite subject? My favorite subject is English. 7. What do you like to do in your free time? I like to read books in my free time. 8. What do you want to become in the future? I want to become a teacher in the future. 9. How many members are there in your family? There are four members in my family. 10. What is your favorite food? My favorite food is biryani. II. Greetings – Answer the following 1. How do you greet your teacher in the morning? Good morning, teacher. 2. What do you say when you meet a friend in the evening? Good evening, friend! 3. How do you say goodbye to someone? Goodbye! 4. What do you say when you meet someone for the first time? Nice to meet you. 5. How do yo...

 Self Introduction 1. What is your name? 2. How old are you? 3. Where do you live? 4. What class are you studying in? 5. What is your school name? 6. What is your favorite subject? 7. What do you like to do in your free time? 8. What do you want to become in the future? 9. How many members are there in your family? 10. What is your favorite food? II.Greetings 1. How do you greet your teacher in the morning? 2. What do you say when you meet a friend in the evening? 3. How do you say goodbye to someone? 4. What do you say when you meet someone for the first time? 5. How do you respond when someone says "Good night"? 6. What do you say when someone says "Thank you"? 7. What do you say when you make a mistake? 8. How do you ask “How are you?” politely? 9. What do you reply when someone asks “How are you?” 10. How do you introduce yourself to a new person? III.Find out clause or Phrase 1. In the morning 2. Running quickly 3. Because it was raining, we stayed inside. 4. U...

 Excercise 1 "A cat wearing sunglasses is sitting on a skateboard, enjoying an ice cream cone." Questions  1. What is the cat wearing? 2. What is the cat doing while sitting on the skateboard? 3. How do you think the cat is feeling? 4. Where do you think this cat might be? 5. If you could add one more thing to the picture, what would it be? Excercise 2 "Here is a colorful nature scene with a clear blue sky, a flowing river, a large tree with birds, green grass, colorful flowers, and mountains in the distance" Questions  1. What natural elements can you see in the picture? 2. How does the river look—calm or fast-flowing? 3. What do the birds seem to be doing? 4. What season do you think it is? Why? 5. If you were in this scene, what would you do there?

 Short Vowel Sounds (7) 1. /æ/ (a) – Cat, Apple, Back 2. /ɛ/ (e) – Bed, Bread, Said 3. /ɪ/ (i) – Bit, City, Busy 4. /ɒ/ (o) – Dog, Clock, Stop (BrE) 5. /ʌ/ (u) – Cup, Love, Blood 6. /ʊ/ (oo) – Book, Put, Foot 7. /ə/ (ə) – About, Sofa, Problem (Schwa) Long Vowel Sounds (5) 8. /iː/ (ee) – See, Team, Happy 9. /ɑː/ (aa) – Car, Father, Heart 10. /ɔː/ (aw) – Call, Law, Thought 11. /uː/ (oo) – Blue, Food, True 12. /ɜː/ (er) – Girl, Word, Bird (BrE) Diphthongs (8) 13. /eɪ/ (ay) – Day, Face, Late 14. /aɪ/ (eye) – My, Five, Light 15. /ɔɪ/ (oy) – Boy, Toy, Coin 16. /aʊ/ (ow) – Now, Out, Shout 17. /əʊ/ (oh) – Go, Home, Show (BrE) 18. /ɪə/ (ear) – Ear, Idea, Near 19. /eə/ (air) – Air, Care, Bear 20. /ʊə/ (oor) – Sure, Tour, Pure

Consonant Sounds (24) Plosives (6) 1. /p/ P + e + n = Pen 🖊️ A + pp + l + e = Apple 🍎 S + t + o + p = Stop 2. /b/ B + a + l + l = Ball T + a + b + l + e = Table J + o + b = Job 3. /t/ T + i + m + e = Time W + a + t + e + r = Water C + a + t = Cat 4. /d/ D + o + g = Dog L + a + d + d + e + r = Ladder G + o + o + d = Good 5. /k/ C + a + t = Cat S + c + h + o + o + l = School B + a + c + k = Back 6. /g/ G + o = Go F + i + n + g + e + r = Finger B + a + g = Bag Fricatives (9) 7. /f/ F + i + s + h = Fish C + o + f + f + e + e = Coffee L + a + u + g + h = Laugh 8. /v/ V + a + n = Van O + v + e + r = Over L + o + v + e = Love 9. /θ/ T + h + i + n + k = Think B + a + t + h = Bath E + a + r + t + h = Earth 10. /ð/ T + h + a + t = That F + a + t + h + e + r = Father B + r + e + a + t + h + e = Breathe 11. /s/ S + u + n = Sun C + i + t + y = City F + a + c + e = Face 12. /z/ Z + o + o = Zoo M + u + s + i + c = Music B + u + z + z = Buzz 13. /ʃ/ S + h + e = She N + a + t + i + o + n = Nation S +...

 Part A: 1. I see an apple. (“Apple” begins with a vowel sound.) 2. She has a cat. (“Cat” starts with a consonant sound.) 3. He eats an orange. (“Orange” starts with a vowel sound.) 4. We play with a ball. (“Ball” starts with a consonant sound.) 5. I drink — milk. (Uncountable noun; no article needed.) 6. It is an egg. (“Egg” starts with a vowel sound.) 7. I have a book. (“Book” starts with a consonant sound.) 8. They saw an elephant. (“Elephant” starts with a vowel sound.) 9. She has an idea. (“Idea” starts with a vowel sound.) 10. He bought an ice cream. (“Ice cream” starts with a vowel sound.) 11. He is a good boy. (“Good” starts with a consonant sound.) 12. This is an ant. (“Ant” starts with a vowel sound.) 13. That is a big dog. (“Big” starts with a consonant sound.) 14. I need a pencil. (“Pencil” starts with a consonant sound.) 15. She wants an umbrella. (“Umbrella” starts with a vowel sound.) 16. He is an honest man. (Silent “h” in “honest”; vowel sound.) 17. My sister is an...

Articles excercise  Instructions: Fill in the blanks with “a,” “an,” or leave blank if no article is needed. 1. I see ___ apple. 2. She has ___ cat. 3. He eats ___ orange. 4. We play with ___ ball. 5. I drink ___ milk. 6. It is ___ egg. 7. I have ___ book. 8. They saw ___ elephant. 9. She has ___ idea. 10. He bought ___ ice cream. 11. He is ___ good boy. 12. This is ___ ant. 13. That is ___ big dog. 14. I need ___ pencil. 15. She wants ___ umbrella. 16. He is ___ honest man. 17. My sister is ___ artist. 18. I eat ___ rice every day. 19. Look! It is ___ owl. 20. She drank ___ juice. Part-B 1. He is ___ artist. 2. She wants to buy ___ laptop. 3. We saw ___ elephant at the zoo. 4. I need ___ advice about my career. 5. He gave me ___ pen to write with. 6. She is ___ honest girl. 7. I drank ___ milk this morning. 8. That is ___ unusual idea. 9. I don’t need ___ help right now. 10. He waited for ___ hour before leaving. 11. She is ___ university student. 12. They found ___ European coin....

  Part A: Change the Singular Nouns to Plural Nouns 1. Book → Books 2. Pen → Pens 3. Apple → Apples 4. Box → Boxes 5. Baby → Babies 6. Knife → Knives 7. Man → Men 8. Woman → Women 9. Child → Children 10. Leaf → Leaves Part B: Choose the Correct Form (Singular or Plural) 1. There is one cat on the roof. 2. I have two pens in my bag. 3. She bought five mangoes. 4. The children are playing outside. 5. A group of men is working on the road. 6. That box is very heavy. 7. The babies are sleeping peacefully. 8. I saw many deer in the forest. 9. This leaf is yellow. 10. How many knives do you need? Part C: Frame a Sentence for Plural Nouns 1. Books – These books are very interesting. 2. Pens – Those pens are on the table. 3. Apples – The apples are red and juicy. 4. Boxes – The boxes are full of toys. 5. Babies – The babies are very cute. 6. Knives – These knives are sharp. 7. Men – The men are my uncles. 8. Women – The women are doctors. 9. Children – The children are happy. 10. Leaves – ...

 Singular and Plural Nouns Exercise Part A: Change the Singular Nouns to Plural Nouns 1. Book → __________ 2. Pen → __________ 3. Apple → __________ 4. Box → __________ 5. Baby → __________ 6. Knife → __________ 7. Man → __________ 8. Woman → __________ 9. Child → __________ 10. Leaf → __________ Part B: Choose the Correct Form (Singular or Plural) 1. There is one (cat / cats) on the roof. 2. I have two (pen / pens) in my bag. 3. She bought five (mango / mangoes). 4. The (child / children) are playing outside. 5. A group of (man / men) is working on the road. 6. That (box / boxes) is very heavy. 7. The (baby / babies) are sleeping peacefully. 8. I saw many (deer / deers) in the forest. 9. This (leaf /  leaves) is yellow. 10. How many (knife / knives) do you need? Parts C Frame a sentence for plural noun  1. Book Sentence: This book is very interesting. 2. Pen Sentence: That pen is on the table. 3. Apple Sentence: The apple is red and juicy. 4. Box Sentence: The box is ful...

 Self Introduction  ✓Tips: Personal Details My name is...,It is....,This is.....,I am..... I am from... ( Place name)/ I was born and raised in... I currently live in...(Native place name) I belong to... (City/State/Country) ✓ Education I study in... (Grade/School Name) I am pursuing... (Course/Degree Name) I have completed My degree at....../Schooling at......) I am interested in... (Field of Study) ✓ Work & Career I work as a... (Job Title) I am currently working at... (Company Name) I have __ years of experience in... I am looking for a job in... ✓ Hobbies & Interests In my free time, I enjoy... My hobbies include... I love... (Reading, Traveling, Cooking, etc.) I am passionate about... (Sports, Music, Teaching, etc.) ✓ Skills & Strengths I have good... (Communication skills, Leadership skills, Problem-solving skills) I am a... (Hardworking, Friendly, Creative person) I always try to... (Learn new things, Stay positive, Help others) I believe in... (Self-improve...